National and international policies are necessary to support globalisation. In the process of globalisation, what would bring societies and citizens closer together? According to the International Labour Office, ‘trade, investment, technology, cross-border production systems, flows of information’ and ease of communications are all factors that facilitate the process of globalisation ( Kawachi & Wamala 2007b p 5). For those involved in public sector activities, including education, globalisation is the increased flow of goods, services, people, ideas and money across national borders resulting in a more integrated and interdependent world. For those involved in international trade, globalisation is a term describing the process of designing, developing and adapting a product for distribution in multiple countries. If you search for ‘globalisation’ on Google you will find more than 20 definitions, provided by governments, universities, multinational corporations and a range of other sources. How are people’s views of globalisation formed? You may get some idea of the different perspectives when you look at the different ways your friends have defined the term. In the historical era (in general, the period for which we have written records), most of those people moving from country to country were traders, preachers, adventurers and soldiers.Īs you consider this activity, try to think of the factors contributing to the differences among people in a society, such as the political, social, economic, ethical, educational, cultural and other factors. It is likely that the first group of ‘migrants’ (there were no national borders then) left their homes and villages in central Africa and moved to the Mediterranean about 100 000 years ago, and the second migration was to Asia about 50 000 years ago ( Chanda 2002). Globalisation is a historical process that began with our ancestors moving out of Africa to spread all over the globe (Chanda 2002). The term is becoming more widely used every day. Using the Google search engine, the key word ‘globalisation’ yielded 18.8 million links in March 2011, compared with 1.6 million links in 2002. According to Stanley Fischer, the former deputy director of the International Monetary Fund, the word ‘globalisation’ was never mentioned in the pages of The New York Times during the 1970s, and appeared less than once a week in the 1980s (Fischer 2003). Globalisation is a relatively new term used to describe a very old process, and has only been in use for around 25 years. This chapter is organised into four sections: an introduction to globalisation globalisation in population health the global burden of disease and the global public health community. An understanding of the impact of globalisation on population health is vital for any twenty-first-century health professional. Globalisation affects what we eat, what we drink, what we use for transport, home entertainment and professional/medical equipment.
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